Structural Changes in Employment Under the Impact of the Digitalization of the Economy

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Pages: 150-157

Abstract:

This study examines the impact of digitalization on the structural characteristics of em ployment in the modern economy. The analysis focuses on how the diffusion of digital technologies, automation and artificial intelligence reshape the labor market. It examines changes in sectoral, oc cupational and skill structures. Special attention is given to the task-based transformation of work, where routine activities are increasingly automated, while non-routine cognitive and analytical tasks gain importance. The study highlights the shift of employment toward technology-intensive sec tors and the growing demand for highly skilled labor, alongside the expansion of flexible and plat form-based forms of employment. At the same time, digital transformation generates significant challenges, including the risk of technological unemployment, labor market polarization and increas ing inequality. The mismatch between skill demand and workforce supply is identified as a key con straint to labor market adjustment. This indicates that digitalization is not a neutral process, but one that redistributes opportunities across the labor market. The paper argues that digital transformation should be understood as a structural process rather than a purely technological one, and that requires coordinated policy responses. Emphasis is placed on the role of education, lifelong learning, and in stitutional adaptation in ensuring that the benefits of digitalization are broadly shared and contribute to sustainable economic development.

Keywords:

digital transformation; labor market dynamics; employment restructuring; task-based approach; automation risk; digital competencies; labor market polarization.

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